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Hearing loss or deafness is a condition where a person is unable to perceive sounds fully or partially. It can develop due to any problem within the auditory system and significantly affects an individual’s life quality. Hearing loss can be congenital (from birth) or may occur later due to aging, diseases, or environmental factors.Types and Degrees of Hearing LossHearing loss is classified into three main types:Conductive Hearing Loss: Caused by problems in transmitting sound from the outer ear

Virology is a subdiscipline of microbiology that studies the morphology, genetic structure, biochemical properties, replication strategies, interactions with host cells, and methods of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases caused by viruses. Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that can replicate only within living cells and lack metabolic activity. In their extracellular phase, viruses are inactive; upon entering a host cell, they use the host’s enzymatic and ribosomal system

The lateral flow assay (LFA), also known as lateral flow or side-flow testing, is a biosensor system that offers users numerous advantages. Its working principle is based on capillary action—the phenomenon in which a liquid moves through a narrow space due to adhesive forces exceeding cohesive forces. LFA systems, as examples of point of care tests, provide rapid, easy, low-cost, portable, and reliable results. LFA-based test kits are used for diagnosing various viruses such as COVID-19, pregnan

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is a minimally invasive imaging technique whose foundations were laid in 1942 by Austrian scientist Theodore Dussik to examine the internal structure of blood vessels in detail. This technology plays a critical role in the diagnosis and treatment planning of vascular diseases. Today it is primarily used for detecting pathological formations in the cardiovascular system common. The high-resolution images provided by IVUS support clinical decision-making by offering

Candidiasis is the general term for opportunistic fungal infections caused by various species of Candida, primarily Candida albicans. Clinical manifestations range from superficial mucocutaneous infections to life-threatening systemic diseases. Infection typically occurs in individuals with compromised immune systems and can affect the mouth, esophagus, vagina, skin, lungs, or the systemic circulation. Candidiasis is also commonly known in the public as “thrush,” “moniliasis,” or “candidosis.”Et

Binge Eating Disorder is an eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of consuming an unusually large amount of food within a specific short period of time (typically within two hours or less), significantly more than most people would consume in the same time frame. During these episodes, individuals report a loss of control over eating and find it difficult to stop. A distinguishing feature of Binge Eating Disorder (BED) is the absence of compensatory behaviors such as vomiting, exce