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Özkonak Underground City is a structure located in the Özkonak Village, 14 kilometers north of the Avanos District in Nevşehir Province, within Türkiye’s Central Anatolia Region. It was constructed on the northern slopes of İdiş Mountain, in an area characterized by thick layers of volcanic tuff composed of granitic material. The structural properties of the tuff rock—easily carveable, hardening upon exposure to air, and offering favorable thermal and humidity conditions—enabled the formation of

Doğubeyazıt Urartu Kalesi is an early Iron Age defensive structure built on steep basalt cliffs at the Belleburç site, northeast of the Doğubayazıt district in Ağrı Province. It is one of the best-preserved Urartian remains in the region, exhibiting a multi-layered settlement pattern with rooms carved into the rock, cisterns, and burial niches. Location and Strategic Importance The fortress overlooks the Doğubayazıt Plain from a commanding position, controlling the pass route between the Aras Mo