ThSelf-esteem is a fundamental psychological construct related to an individual’s perception of themselves as valuable, capable, and worthy of respect. According to the Turkish Language Association, self-esteem means “the respect and intrinsic value a person feels toward themselves.” In psychological literature, self-esteem is defined as an individual’s overall evaluation of themselves and plays a decisive role in self-perception, social relationships, decision-making behaviors, and psychological
ENAyça Uçar
ArArmadillo Girdled Lizard is a reptile native to South Africa, notable for its intriguing physical characteristics. Unlike other lizard species, this species exhibits a unique behavior for self-defense. Its body is covered in hard, armored scales that protect it from potential predators. Its body structure and behaviors are key features that distinguish it from other surrounding wildlife.Physical CharacteristicsOuroborus Cataphractus typically reaches a length of about 25 cm. Its body is covered
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Mustafa Özdemir

Psychological defense mechanisms are psychological strategies that individuals typically use unconsciously to cope with unwanted or anxiety-provoking thoughts, emotions, and impulses. These mechanisms serve to protect the individual’s self-esteem and psychological integrity and to alleviate painful feelings such as anxiety, guilt, shame, and humiliation. They are usually automatic, habitual responses that operate outside the individual’s awareness.Historical Development and Theoretical Foundatio
ENYunus Emre Yüce

The Rorschach Test is a projective psychological test designed to assess personality structure. Developed by Hermann Rorschach, this test aims to examine personality traits, internal conflicts, and defense mechanisms through individuals’ responses to ambiguous stimuli. The test is based on the principle that individuals describe what they see in inkblots, thereby providing insights into their perception, thought processes, emotional life, and fantasy world.Projective Techniques and Theoretical F
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Miray GÜR
PsPsychodynamic theory is an approach that posits human behavior is shaped by unconscious motivations, instinctual drives and early childhood experiences. This theory argues that psychological conflicts of which the individual is unaware profoundly influence personality development and mental health. Founded on the work of Sigmund Freud, this approach particularly seeks the origins of current problems in repressed memories and emotions during therapeutic processes. The theory emphasizes that the i
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Muhammed Samed Acar

Hedgehogs are small to medium-sized mammals classified under the family Erinaceidae, and are particularly known for their spiny body structure. Their developed defense mechanisms against predators, wide dietary repertoire, and ability to adapt to various habitats make them noteworthy among mammals. These typically nocturnal animals play a role in ecosystem functioning by contributing to the regulation of insect populations.Biological Characteristics and Taxonomic Status of HedgehogsTaxonomic Cla
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Okan Kanpolat