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Bakras Castle is a medieval defensive structure located on a steep hilltop along the eastern extension of the Amanos Mountains, within the boundaries of Ötençay village (formerly known as Bakras), in the Belen district of Hatay. With a deep historical legacy, the castle has been used by various states and communities from antiquity through the Ottoman period. Its strategic position along the main routes connecting Anatolia to Syria granted it significant military and strategic importance.Bakras

Since the emergence of humankind, the need for shelter and sheltering has existed. Caves are believed to have been the earliest spatial manifestation of this phenomenon.【1】During the Ancient Age, alongside the transition to settled life, various security measures began to be incorporated into design. The absence of windows and access via rooftops in Çatalhöyük’s mud-brick dwellings reflect early spatial manifestations of security concerns.【2】During this period, underground settlements such as De

Finik Castle and Its Inner Castle are historical defensive structures located within the boundaries of Cizre district in Şırnak province, in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Türkiye. These structures are situated on steep cliffs along the banks of the Tigris River, north of the Kasrik village. The castle and its internal structures are recognized as cultural assets requiring preservation within the region’s historical heritage.Location and AccessFinik Castle is built upon natural rock formati