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USA’s birthright citizenship policy became one of the most significant constitutional debates in the nation’s agenda on January 20, 2025, the first day of President Donald Trump’s second term, when he signed an executive order aimed at restricting automatic citizenship for children born in the United States to foreign nationals residing in the country illegally or on temporary statuses such as tourist, student, or temporary work visas. Shortly after the order was issued, numerous state governmen

On 20 March 2025, President Donald Trump signed an executive order that initiated the process of closing the USA Department of Education. The order aims to transfer federal education authority to the states and terminate the department’s operations. Background The U.S. Department of Education was established in 1979 by congressional resolution at the initiative of then-President Jimmy Carter. Its founding purpose was to consolidate various federal education programs under a centralized structure

Decision on Pharmacists and Pharmacies is the final legal text issued in the late period of the Ottoman State, comprehensively regulating the pharmacy profession. This decision established the legal framework for numerous aspects of the profession, from professional qualification requirements to permissions for opening pharmacies, and defined the principles governing its practice. It also contains provisions on the supervision of pharmacies and the sale of medicines without prescriptions, addres

In the United States, the Department of Defense was officially renamed the Department of War by an executive order issued on 5 September 2025. This step signifies a historic transformation in the conceptual framework of U.S. security and defense policy. The development has sparked debate both within U.S. domestic politics and internationally. Background of the Name Change The U.S. military administration has evolved under various institutional names since its founding. The Department of War, est

2026 Ecuador State of Emergency is a state of emergency declared in 10 provinces and 3 cantons of Ecuador under the grounds of “grave internal disturbance” (grave conmoción interna), pursuant to Executive Decree No. 423 (Decreto Ejecutivo No. 423) signed by Ecuadorian President Daniel Noboa Azin on 16 June 2026.【1】 The decree was signed at the National Palace (Palacio Nacional) in Quito and will remain in effect for 60 days from the date of signing.【2】 The decree grants security forces the autho