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Carbon-free heating technologies are systems developed as alternatives to traditional fossil fuel-based systems in line with efforts to combat climate change and achieve net-zero emissions targets by 2050. These technologies do not emit carbon into the atmosphere during the heating process. They play a critical role in reducing carbon emissions caused by buildings and industrial processes. Approximately 39% of global carbon emissions originate from buildings, with a significant portion stemming

Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) are advanced nuclear reactors designed on a smaller, modular scale compared to traditional nuclear power plants. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) defines them as reactors with a net electrical output of 300 megawatts (MW) or less per unit, whose individual modules can be manufactured in a factory environment. These reactors generate heat through nuclear fission and use this heat to produce low-carbon electricity. SMR technology is emerging as a key play