`debt` Related Article Results

Zimem defteri is a system of credit and mutual support rooted in the Islamic civilization’s principles of solidarity and charitable giving, which later matured institutionally and socially within Ottoman society. The term “zimem,” the plural of “zimmet,” refers to debts and was used historically both as a technical term in the accounting records of cash waqfs to denote their loan portfolios and as a social practice describing the ledgers maintained by artisans and shopkeepers for recording credi