
S cyber-physical systems (CPS) are integrated structures in which physical processes operate in real-time and interactive conjunction with digital information systems. In these systems, the physical world is monitored and analyzed through embedded sensors, actuators, and control algorithms, enabling intervention via digital systems. CPS are widely used in numerous domains such as modern production lines, transportation infrastructure, smart energy grids, and medical devices, playing a critical r
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Data-driven manufacturing is an approach based on the systematic collection, analysis, and application of data generated from operational processes to enhance the performance of production systems. In this approach, production is not limited to the processing of physical inputs; it transforms into a continuously optimized structure through the integration of digital data into the production process.The foundation of this transformation lies in cyber-physical systems that enable interaction betwe
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Industry 4.0 describes a comprehensive transformation process resulting from the digitalization of the manufacturing and service sectors. It involves the integration of many advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), big data analytics, cyber-physical systems (CPS), cloud computing, robotics, and augmented reality. This transformation is a multi-layered paradigm with not only technical but also economic, social, legal, and ethical dimensions. Thanks
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