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The Treaty of Kadesh, regarded as a turning point in the history of diplomacy and international relations, is the earliest known written peace treaty to have survived from antiquity. It was signed in the 13th century BCE between the Hittite Empire and the New Kingdom of Egypt, two major powers of the era whose prolonged military and political rivalries culminated in the Battle of Kadesh in 1274 BCE. This conflict resulted in significant losses for both sides. Ongoing internal unrest and border t

Cuneiform script is one of the earliest documented writing systems developed by the civilizations of Mesopotamia. As one of the first systematic attempts by humanity to convert spoken sounds into permanent symbols, cuneiform did not merely facilitate communication but also played a pivotal role in establishing social order, recording legal documents, and forming historical memory. In this sense, it is regarded as the instrument symbolizing the transition from prehistoric to historical times.Orig

Luwian (English: Luwian) is an Indo-European language spoken in Anatolia during the 2nd millennium BCE under the Hittite Empire and thereafter. It is closely related to Hittite and belongs to the group known as the “Anatolian languages.” It was used alongside local languages such as Hittite and Palaic, while Akkadian, originating in Mesopotamia, was preferred as the language of diplomacy.HistoryLuwian is one of the most important Indo-European languages of Anatolia and can be traced back to the