`critical-thinking` Related Article Results

21st Century Skills refer to the comprehensive set of cognitive, social, emotional, and digital competencies necessary for individuals to participate effectively in an information society. This concept emerged as a result of the need to restructure educational systems during the transition from an industrial society to an information and innovation society.【1】 Conceptual FrameworkSimilarly, the Assessment and Teaching of 21st Century Skills Project (ATC21S – Assessment and Teaching of 21st Centu

Perception Management and Manipulation: The Psychology of Deception and Persuasion is a work by Mücahit Gültekin that examines the psychological dimensions of perception management and manipulation techniques. Published in 2016 by Pınar Yayınları, the book explores how individuals and masses in modern society are influenced, and analyzes the psychological dynamics of deception and persuasion. Drawing on examples from health, education, science, politics, cinema, commerce, and Islamic history, th

Criticize, but not me!There is a saying written by Alija Izetbegović during his years in prison:“Ben olsam, Müslüman Doğu’daki tüm mekteplere ‘eleştirel düşünme’ dersleri koyardım. Batı’nın aksine Doğu bu acımasız mektepten geçmemiştir ve birçok zaafının kaynağı budur.”【1】 We feel the truth of this sentence in every fiber of our being.We see this reality not only in others but also within ourselves… Criticism only becomes acceptable when it is directed at someone else. The very things we observe

Red herring fallacy, also known as the red herring fish fallacy (red herring fallacy), is a method of diverting attention from the main issue by introducing an irrelevant but attention-grabbing element into the discussion. This type of fallacy belongs to the category of fallacies of relevance.Historical OriginThe term was introduced in 1807 by the English journalist William Cobbett using the example of smoked herring. Herring (herring) is a species of fish found in the North Atlantic. When dried

Socratic questioning is a teaching and research method attributed to the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates, based on the principle of revealing truths hidden in the interlocutor’s mind through a pre-structured series of questions. The essence of the method lies not in the instructor directly imparting knowledge, but in guiding the student to structure their existing knowledge and thoughts so as to “give birth” to new understanding. The goal in this process is not to teach something new, but to

editMesaj is a science book written by American astronomer, astrophysicist and science communicator Carl Sagan. It is one of the works in which Sagan conveys his thoughts on science the universe and humanity as well as his scientific perspective to the reader. The book addresses access to scientific knowledge critical thinking and humanity’s place in the universe.Content and ThemesThe book provides content on the universe astronomy and scientific methods as well as human society and communicatio

Fallacies are erroneous inferences that arise in logical thought and reasoning execution processes. These concept refer to forms of reasoning that appear misleading or reasonable like but are in fact invalid. Throughout history, fallacies have been studied in the fields of philosophy, logic, and rhetoric, and have been used consciously or unconsciously to manipulate thoughts or lead people to erroneous conclusions.The first systematic examination of fallacies was conducted by Aristotle in his wo

Stephen Brookfield was born in Liverpool, England, in 1949. After completing his undergraduate education in England, he emigrated to Canada in the early 1970s. Brookfield earned his doctorate from the University of Toronto. He has spent a significant portion of his academic career in the United States, serving on the faculties of institutions such as Columbia University, Harvard University, the University of St. Thomas, and the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Throughout his career, he has a

Retractationes is the work of Augustine, who critically reevaluated his own writings and holds a significant place in the history of Christian thought. Published by Dergâh Yayınları in 2025, this text serves as a fundamental document for understanding the evolution of Augustine’s theological and philosophical ideas.SubjectIn this work, Augustine identifies and corrects errors in thought, interpretation, and sources found in the writings he produced throughout his life. The text functions not onl

The Light of Science in a Dark World (original title: The Demon-Haunted World: Science as a Candle in the Dark) is a popular science book written by American astronomer, astrophysicist and science communicator Carl Sagan. The book aims to promote scientific thinking and address misinformation and superstition.Content and ThemesThe book covers science critical thinking and social awareness. Its main themes are:The Scientific Method: The importance of observation experimentation and logical reason