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As the global economy enters the second quarter of the 21st century, it is undergoing a multi-layered transformation centered on technology and security. Rare earth elements, with applications spanning from semiconductors to military technologies and from electric vehicles to space research, have emerged as one of the fundamental elements at the heart of this transformation. In this context, rare earth elements have become a decisive factor not only in economic terms but also in the security str

Rare Earth Elements and the Critical Minerals Agreement is an agreement concluded between the United States (USA) and Ukraine aimed at regulating the use of critical minerals possessed by Ukraine. This agreement anticipates that the United States will gain access to lithium titanium graphite and other critical minerals in exchange for the military and economic assistance it provides to Ukraine. Disagreements exist between the two country on the scope of the agreement revenue sharing and security

President of the United States Donald Trump’s visit to Japan was carried out as the second leg of his Asia tour from October 27 to 29, 2025. During the visit, Trump met with Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi and Emperor Naruhito, and agreements were signed in the areas of defense, trade and the security of critical mineral supplies. Welcoming Ceremony and Official Program in Tokyo On the evening of October 27, 2025, shortly after arriving in Tokyo, Donald Trump met with Emperor Naruhito. Th

United States–Australia Critical Minerals Framework Agreement (2025) is an economic, industrial, and strategic cooperation agreement signed in Washington on 20 October 2025. The agreement was designed to ensure supply security for critical minerals and rare earth elements through joint mining and processing efforts, increase collaborative investments, and reduce dependence on China in global supply chains. Signing and Purpose of the Agreement The agreement was signed by United States President D