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The Çoruh River is a significant river in eastern Türkiye, originating in the İspir district of Erzurum Province and flowing through Artvin until it reaches the Georgian border, where it empties into the Black Sea. The river draws its source from the western slopes of the Mescit Mountains and is 376 kilometers long, approximately 354 kilometers of which lie within Türkiye’s borders. It is particularly notable for its 260-kilometer stretch within the boundaries of İspir district in Erzurum.Geogra

Bayburt is a province in Black Sea Region, located along the banks of the Çoruh River in place area. Throughout history, it has come under the rule of the Urartians, Romans, Byzantines, Seljuks, Akkoyunlu and Ottomans, and due to its position on the Silk Road, it has held a strategic commercial and strategic location.Bayburt Castle and Bayburt - Bayburt Governorate" image-alternate="" image-element-format="right">HistoryAncient Period and Early SettlementsThe history of Bayburt extends back t

Ispır is a district of Erzurum Province in Türkiye’s Eastern Anatolia Region. Located in the Çoruh River valley to the northeast of Erzurum, Ispır attracts attention with its rich historical past, unique geographical structure, and cultural heritage.Positioned in the transitional zone between the Black Sea and continental climates, the district stands out for its natural beauty, highland pastures, and historical structures. It also lies along ancient natural and historical routes that connected

Artvin (Livane) Castle is located in the Çayağzı Neighborhood of Artvin city center, on the northern bank of the Çoruh River. It sits on a rocky outcrop approximately 70 meters above the riverbed, at the point where the Erzurum–Samsun highway enters the city. The castle serves as a strategic observation point controlling access to the city and the passage through the Çoruh Valley.NamingIn historical sources, the structure is referred to by its former name, “Livana (Livane) Castle.” This name is