MaThe phenomenon of management has emerged throughout human history as an inevitable consequence of collective living and the pursuit of shared goals. The need for individuals to act more effectively with limited resources has transformed management into not only a practical activity but also a theoretical discipline. This discipline, which became prominent after the Industrial Revolution, came to be defined by systematic approaches especially during the 20th century. The process of identifying th
EN
Şeyma Kanter

2026 Istanbul NATO Parliamentary Summit, hosted by the Speaker of the Grand National Assembly of Türkiye (TBMM), Numan Kurtulmuş, will be held in Istanbul on 28–29 June 2026. This parliamentary summit is the third in a series initiated in 2024 by the NATO Parliamentary Assembly (NATO PA) in cooperation with host countries, following summits held in the United States and Belgium. The summit aims to facilitate parliamentary-level consultations and exchange of views among allied nations ahead of th
EN
Edanur Karakoç

Individuals must combine their efforts to participate in a collective task successful because many tasks in the world are accomplished through groups composed of individuals. Social loafing can be defined as the tendency for individuals to exert less effort when working in a group than when working individually together. In work environments where group work is common, the phenomenon of social loafing inevitably negatively impacts productivity. As generally accepted, social loafing, also known a
ENYücel Özel

Individuals have to combine their efforts in order to be successful in a collective task. A significant number of tasks in modern professional settings are carried out through group collaboration, as indicated by research in organizational behavior.. Social loafing can be defined as the tendency of individuals to make less effort when they work together than when they work individually . Especially in business environments where group work is common, it is inevitable that the phenomenon of socia
ENYücel Özel
MaThe phenomenon of management has emerged throughout human history as an inevitable consequence of collective living and the pursuit of shared objectives. The need for individuals to act more effectively with limited resources has transformed management into not only a practical endeavor but also a theoretical discipline. This discipline, which became prominent after the Industrial Revolution, took on a systematic character especially during the 20th century. The process of defining the core func
EN
Şeyma Kanter