CoSpodoptera littoralis (Boisduval, 1833) is one of the most economically significant leaf worms in the family Noctuidae. Commonly known as the cotton leafworm or African cotton leafworm, this species is recognized for its ability to feed on a wide variety of plants. A widespread pest in Mediterranean countries, the Middle East and Africa, it can rapidly reach high population densities under favorable conditions, causing severe economic losses. Morphology Adult moths have a wingspan ranging from 3
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PINAR GÜNER
SySymbolic violence is a concept developed by French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu and refers to the indirect and invisible pressures individuals experience within social structure. Unlike traditional physical violence, symbolic violence compels individuals to submit to social norms and power structures, either consciously or unconsciously. This process is legitimized through social institutions such as education, media, family and religion, and becomes accepted as a “natural” reality. Depicted by a
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Ahsen Buyurkan

MAC adresi (Media Access Control Address), bir ağ cihazına fiziksel düzeyde atanan 48 bit uzunluğunda sabit bir tanımlayıcıdır. Bu adres, ağ donanımlarının birbirleriyle iletişim kurabilmeleri için gereklidir ve genellikle altı adet ikili bayttan (toplam 6 byte) oluşur. Her bayt, ikili sayı sisteminde 8 bitlik veri taşır ve onaltılık (hexadecimal) biçimde yazılır. Örnek bir MAC adresi şöyle görünür: 00-1A-2B-3C-4D-5E. MAC adresi, iki ana bölümden oluşur: OUI (Organizationally Unique Identifier)
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Samet Şahin
SySymbolic violence is a concept developed by French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu and refers to the indirect and invisible pressures individuals experience within social building. Unlike traditional physical violence, symbolic violence compels individuals to submit to social norms and power structures, either consciously or unconsciously. This process is legitimized through social institutions such as education, media, family and religion like, and becomes perceived as a “natural” reality by indivi
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Ahsen Buyurkan

Non-destructive testing (NDT) is the general term for inspection methods used to detect internal or surface flaws in materials or components without compromising the serviceability or structural integrity of the examined structure. These methods enable the identification of defects or discontinuities without causing permanent changes to the tested object. NDT is applied in various sectors including energy, defense, aerospace, automotive, and construction for quality assurance, maintenance, and r
ENMuzaffer Yalçın

Project Management, is the discipline of applying the processes, methods, skills, and tools necessary to achieve a project’s objectives. More formally, according to the Project Management Institute (PMI), project management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet the project’s requirements. This application encompasses planning, organizing, executing, controlling, and closing processes from the project’s inception to its completion. Project ma
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Sabiha Meyra Şahinler

Muğla köftesi is a regional meatball variety made from beef obtained from cattle raised in Muğla and its surrounding districts. It is prepared by adding only salt and is grilled on a skewer, optionally served with black pepper and cumin. Product Profile and Geographical Indication Type Muğla köftesi falls under the category of processed and unprocessed meat products, specifically within the meatball group. It has been officially registered by the Turkish Patent and Trademark Office as a “geograp
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Caner Sefa Koçyiğit

The Plague of Language: The Evils of Speech examines the dangers individuals may encounter in the use of language and their moral, religious, and social consequences. Al-Ghazali emphasizes that the misuse of language can lead individuals into sin and harm. The work provides detailed analyses of linguistic pitfalls such as backbiting, lying, slander, excessive talk, and idle speech, and offers guidance on avoiding these based on Islamic sources. The work extensively explores the individual and so
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Hüsnü Umut Okur

Menteşe is defined as the hinge moment caused by aerodynamic forces acting around the hinge axis of a surface (winglet, elevator, rudder like). This concept is critical in the design of control surfaces for aircraft such as airplane and helicopters. The hinge moment determines the force the pilot must apply to move the control surfaces and directly influences flight characteristics. Technical Definition and Formula The hinge moment is associated with \( M_h = \frac{1}{2} \rho V^2 S c C_h \) \( \
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Muhammed Erdem

PID, or Proportional-Integral-Derivative, is one of the most widely used feedback control algorithms in control engineering. It is designed to bring a system’s output as quickly, accurately, and stably as possible to a desired reference value. Due to their simple structure and broad range of applications, PID controllers have become indispensable in industry and technology. Basic Principles of PID Control The PID controller operates by analyzing the difference between the system’s output and the
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