
The Alemdar Newspaper was one of the notable publications of the Second Constitutional Era and the Armistice Period. Founded in 1911 by Refi' Cevad (Ulunay), the newspaper, despite experiencing interruptions in publication at various times, made a significant impact on the public, particularly with its anti-Committee of Union and Progress stance. Its editorial policies, content, and staff played an active role in the political debates of the period.Foundation Process and Early PublicationThe new
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Yunus Emre Sağlam

Zeynel Abidin Bayhan was a politician, lawyer, and organizer who held active roles during the Second Constitutional Era and the National Struggle. Born in 1869 in Niğde, he spent many years working in the justice system before transitioning to legal practice and politics. He joined the Committee of Union and Progress, served in the Society for the Defense of Rights and as a member of the First Term of the Grand National Assembly of Türkiye. He was also one of the founders of the Niğde Farmers an
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Yunus Emre Sağlam

Ahmet Muhtar Fikri (Gücüm) played active roles during the Constitutional Monarchy and National Liberation periods. He served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies and the Grand National Assembly of Türkiye (TBMM), contributing to the National Liberation struggle on the Southern Front. He also engaged in journalism and made significant contributions to the development of regional press.Educational LifeAhmet Muhtar Fikri Bey was born in Muş in 1876. His father, Cizrelizade Mustafa Rıza Bey, was a
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Yunus Emre Sağlam

Mithat Cemal Kuntay’s trilogy Three Istanbuls examines the transformation of Istanbul from the late Ottoman period to the early years of the Republic, exploring this change at both social and individual levels. Roman centers on the reigns of Abdülhamid II, the Committee of Union and Progress, and the Armistice period to analyze how a city undergoes transformation across distinct historical phases. Main character Adnan Bey’s life serves as the narrative core through which literary style addresses
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Ahsen Karakaş
FaFarewell, Beautiful Homeland is a novel that recounts the experiences of Şehsuvar Sami, a journalist and Ittihadist, during the political upheavals of the late Ottoman Empire and the early years of the Republic. Within the Committee of Union and Progress, Şehsuvar Sami witnesses the power struggles, betrayals, and political reckonings that accompanied the transition from empire to republic. The narrative unfolds around themes of Love, betrayal, loyalty and revolution, supported by events linked
ENBeyza Nur Türkü