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Jan Schmidt was born in 1951 in Arnhem, Netherlands. He studied at the University of Leiden in the Department of History, Middle East Languages and Cultures from 1969 to 1985 and continued his academic work at the same institution. In 1992, he completed his doctorate at Leiden University with a fresh perspective on Gelibolulu Mustafa Âli’s 1590 work Künhü’l-Ahbar, a text of central importance in Turkish literature. While continuing his research in the Netherlands, he worked as a duration teacher

Have you ever seen flamingos? With their long legs, S-shaped necks, and striking pink feathers, they look as if they stepped straight out of nature’s fashion runway! But these stylish birds attract attention not only for their beauty but also for their fascinating lives.Why Are They Pink?Flamingos are gray or white when they hatch. So how do these chicks turn pink like cotton candy over time? The answer is hidden in their diet! The algae, brine shrimp, and tiny organisms they eat contain a subst

Palestine 36 is a film that examines the political transformation in Palestine under British Mandate rule in 1936, presenting the conditions of the era within their historical context. The film traces the relationships between rural and urban life, the practices of British administration, the social structure, and the atmosphere of the emerging resistance movement through an extensive network of characters. Although the narrative unfolds through fictional characters, the historical backdrop is c

Benjamin Franklin was a prominent figure in many areas of political, social, and intellectual transformation in eighteenth-century North America. His career, which began in printing and publishing, was enriched by scientific research, public initiatives, diplomatic service, and constitutional debates. His writings and initiatives were shaped in relation to the period’s ethics understanding, economic thought, and social values; particularly revolving around concepts of individual responsibility,

On 24 December 2025, Algeria’s National People’s Assembly unanimously adopted a bill defining France’s colonial rule over Algeria between 1830 and 1962 as a crime. The bill was voted on in an open session of the Algerian parliament, with members of parliament reported to have cast their votes wearing scarves in national colors. The adopted law comprehensively addresses crimes committed under French colonial administration. Scope and Provisions of the LawThe text of the law lists various acts com

Have you ever watched ants carrying food in a line or bees buzzing around in a hive? These animals don’t live alone—they live like a huge family, as a super team! Scientists call this special and organized way of life eusociality. Let’s discover the secrets of these super teams together!What Does It Mean to Be a Super Team?For an animal group to be considered a super team, or eusocial, it must meet three important criteria:They Care for Young Together: Just like older members of a family help ra