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The NATO summit in Ankara is taking place at a critical juncture where the Alliance must demonstrate what it can achieve in its new security era. Previous summits had thoroughly defined conventional and non-conventional threats. The central issue in Ankara, however, will be whether the political will built to counter these threats can be transformed into military, industrial, and institutional capacity. In this sense, the summit serves as a performance test for NATO. The defining concept of the

Sadabad Pact, signed on 7 July 1937 at the Sadabad Palace in Tehran, the capital of Iran, is a regional agreement on friendship, security and non-aggression between Türkiye, Iran, Iraq and Afghanistan.【1】 In nature, it is not a military defense alliance or a common military bloc but a political treaty in which the parties commit to mutually safeguarding border security, refraining from interference in each other’s internal affairs, consulting on matters of common interest and pledging non-aggres

The United Nations (UN), is a universal international organization established in 1945 after the Second World War to maintain international peace and security, promote cooperation among states, and generate collective solutions in economic, social and humanitarian fields. Its creation was the result of a global effort to establish a more effective, institutionalized and broadly empowered order following the failures of the League of Nations in preventing war. The UN, grounded in the UN Charter w