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The intercostal muscles are muscle groups located between adjacent ribs of the thorax, enabling movement of the chest wall and contributing to the respiratory mechanism. These muscles play a key role in regulating the mechanics of breathing by enabling the expansion and contraction of the chest cavity. Anatomically, they consist of three primary layers stacked on top of each other: the external, internal, and intimus intercostal muscles. Anatomy Morphology and Connection Points The intercostal m