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Frostbite is a localized form of tissue necrosis caused by exposure to cold. It occurs when body tissues freeze due to prolonged exposure to subzero temperatures (below 0 °C). As a result of the cold, peripheral vasoconstriction develops, regional blood flow slows down, and oxygenation decreases. At the cellular level, metabolism slows, intracellular fluids crystallize, causing physical tears in cell membranes, which leads to tissue disruption. In advanced stages, this process can result in irre