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Antarctica, with an area of approximately 14 million square kilometers, is the fifth largest continent on Earth and is located at the southernmost point of the Southern Hemisphere.【1】 A large portion of the continent is covered by an ice sheet and holds the titles of the coldest, windiest, and driest geography on Earth. Antarctica also alone contains more than 70 percent of the world’s freshwater reserves.【2】 Antarctica remained untouched and inaccessible to humans until the 19th century. Since

Beginning its activities in 1848 under the name “Nafıa Nezareti,” and subsequently operating under the names Ministry of Public Works, Ministry of Construction and Settlement, Ministry Responsible for the Environment, Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Ministry of Public Works and Settlement, and Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, the Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change of the Republic of Türkiye currently carries out work in numerous areas ranging from urban trans

SNOWSHOE HARE: PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICSThe snowshoe hare, also known as snow, is a species of hare native to the Arctic ecosystem of North America. It derives its name “snowshoe” from its large, heavily furred hind feet. The size and width of its feet prevent it from sinking into the snow while walking or jumping, and the dense fur on its Foot soles provides insulation against freezing temperatures.The snowshoe hare’s coat color changes seasonally. During winter months, its fur turns white to pr

Mammoth refers to the subspecies within the genus Mammuthus of the elephant family. The most distinctive features of mammoth species are long, their curved tusks, and the long hairs seen in northern species. Although many mammoth species lived from the Pliocene epoch (approximately 5 million years ago) until the beginning of the Holocene, the vast majority of their populations became extinct during the Late Pleistocene epoch none. The closest living relatives of mammoths today are Asian elephant

Climate change adaptation refers to the process by which organisms and ecosystems respond to environmental changes through genetic, physiological, or behavioral adjustments. This adaptation may involve evolutionary changes that increase the likelihood of survival and reproduction for species. Rising temperatures, shifts in precipitation patterns, and extreme weather events are the primary factors forcing organisms to adapt.Genetic FoundationsClimate change adaptation occurs through natural selec

TEKNOFEST High School Students Climate Change Research Projects Competition is a national scientific competition aimed at increasing awareness among high school students in Türkiye and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus about climate change, encouraging them to develop solutions for the sustainable use of natural resources, and fostering societal awareness on this issue. The competition is organized under the coordination of Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK)

Coastal geomorphology is the scientific discipline that studies the formation of the transition zone between land and sea. This field investigates the various landforms created in coastal areas by dynamic processes such as tides, waves, currents, winds, and sea level changes. Coastal regions are sensitive ecosystems that are continuously altered by both natural processes and human impacts.Coastal zones are among the most dynamic areas on Earth’s surface. Continuous erosion and deposition process

World Environment Day is an international observance held every year on June 5 to emphasize humanity’s responsibility to protect and improve the environment for both present and future generations. The environment is defined as the setting in which humans live continuously — a space shared by living and non-living beings that interact with and affect each other. This includes natural elements such as air, water, soil, forests, lakes, seas and other ecological components. Human activities, whethe

Weather phenomena refer to short-term physical conditions observed in the atmosphere at a specific time and location. These phenomena are typically defined by the observation of meteorological variables such as temperature, wind, humidity, pressure, cloud cover, and types of precipitation. Phenomena such as rain, snow, hail, fog, lightning, and storms are among the most commonly encountered weather events. These events not only reflect the state of the atmosphere but also directly impact land, s

The Climate Law, adopted by the Grand National Assembly of Türkiye on 2 July 2025, is Türkiye’s first comprehensive legal framework aimed at combating climate change. Under this law, a necessary legal and institutional structure has been established to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, implement climate adaptation activities, and realize the green growth vision in line with Türkiye’s 2053 Net Zero Emissions Target.Legal and Institutional FrameworkCore PrinciplesThe Climate Law establishes the fun