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Sultan Abdülhamid II: A Sovereign in the Heavens is a biography by Necmettin Alkan that comprehensively examines the life, personality, and political struggles of Abdülhamid II, one of the sultans of Ottoman history. The work explores Abdülhamid II’s balancing act in domestic and foreign policy, the tension between his modernization efforts and traditionalist governance, his Islamic-oriented policies toward the West, and his stance on critical events such as the Young Turks, the Armenian questio