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Öşvank Church is a historical church located in the village of Çamlıyamaç, in the Uzundere district of Erzurum Province, Türkiye. It is regarded as one of the most important examples of medieval Georgian architecture. Built in the second half of the 10th century, this monumental structure is significant both within the context of Georgian Orthodox Christian tradition and the artistic heritage of Anatolia, due to its architectural features, decorations, frescoes and religious importance. Historic

Gümüşler Monastery is a structure located approximately 8 km east of Niğde city center in the town of Gümüşler. It is one of the medieval structures built by carving into a large rock mass. Gümüşler, one of the best-preserved rock monastery complexes in the Cappadocia region, is considered one of the remarkable examples of Byzantine art in Anatolia with its architecture, frescoes, and interior arrangements. The monastery was registered as an archaeological site in 1973. With its underground sect

Göreme Açık Hava Müzesi is a rock-cut settlement located 2 kilometres east of the town of Göreme in the province of Nevşehir, which served as a major center for monastic life from the 4th to the 13th century AD. T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı, “Göreme Açık Hava Müzesi-Nevşehir,” Türkiye Kültür Portalı, erişim tarihi 20 Ocak 2026, https://www.kulturportali.gov.tr/turkiye/nevsehir/gezilecekyer/goreme-acik-hava-muzes ">【1】 Carved into volcanic rock, this complex was a significant religious cent

Gümüşler Monastery is a structure located approximately 8 km east of the city center of Niğde, in the town of Gümüşler. It is one of the medieval structures carved directly into a large rock mass. Gümüşler, one of the best-preserved rock monastery complexes in the Cappadocia region, is regarded as one of the most remarkable examples of Byzantine art in Anatolia due to its architecture, frescoes, and interior layout. The monastery was registered as an archaeological site in 1973. With its undergr

Iconoclasm (Greek: Εἰκονοκλασία, Eikonoklasia) is the term given to the period between 726 and 843 in the Byzantine Empire during which religious images (icons) were banned and destroyed. Although this movement appeared fundamentally as a religious reform, it was a complex process closely tied to the political, military, social, and economic challenges of the time. This approximately 120-year period is studied in two main phases, separated by interruptions. Those who supported iconoclasm were ca