
Tekfur Sarayı is a historical palace structure located adjacent to the land walls of the Edirnekapı and Ayvansaray (Eğrikapı) areas in the Fatih district of Istanbul. The building, part of the Blakhernai Palace Complex of the Byzantine Empire, is the only palace in Istanbul that has reached the present day with its architectural integrity preserved from the Byzantine period. The gate associated with the structure, known as the Tekfur Sarayı Gate (Porphyrogennetos Gate), measures 3.50 meters in w
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Betül Kantarcı

Karaköy Underground Mosque is a historic mosque located in the Beyoğlu district of Istanbul, adjacent to the Karaköy steamship pier close at place site. Notably distinguished by its architecture and history, this mosque is unique among Istanbul’s mosques as it was constructed underground. The Underground Mosque is one of the religious structures of both Istanbul and the Ottoman Empire, standing out both as a place of worship and for its historical and cultural significance.Underground Mosque (So
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Sümeyra Uzun

States that alter the course of history typically rise by facing their greatest challenges in the most difficult geographies.The Seljuks left an indelible mark on history not only through the military discipline of the steppe but also by assuming the guardianship of the Islamic world and building a profound state tradition.What, then, propelled this vast structure to its peak and inevitably drove it toward its demise?The Protective Shield of the Islamic WorldLong before the Battle of Manzikert,
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Mustafa Cem İnci

1453 Panorama Museum is Türkiye’s first and only full panorama museum, presenting the Ottoman conquest of Istanbul through an artistic and historical reconstruction. Designed to convey the symbolic significance of Istanbul’s conquest to both local and international visitors, it is a cultural institution aimed at strengthening historical memory. The building housing the exhibit recreates a precise visual slice of the morning of May 29, 1453, in both architectural form and content.1453 Panorama Mu
ENElyesa Köseoğlu
ChThe Church of Çavuşin is located at the entrance to the village of Çavuşin, which belongs to the Avanos district of Nevşehir, approximately 2.5 kilometers from Göreme along the Göreme-Avanos road. The church, carved directly into the natural rock, is constructed in two levels within the rock formation. The lower level contains monk cells, while the upper level houses the worship space. The original natural staircase leading to the upper level has collapsed, and access is now provided by a later-
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Melike Saraç
DaDağ Pazarı Kilisesi is located within the ancient city of Corapissus, in the Mut district of Mersin Province, in the Mediterranean Region. This ancient settlement lies along the historical route extending from Karaman to Silifke, granting it significant historical and strategic importance. The church, dated to the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) period, was constructed in 476 AD in honor of Emperor Zeno’s second accession to the throne.Architectural FeaturesThe structure was built along an east-west a
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Melike Saraç

Hadrianaupolis Ancient City is a significant settlement site located within the boundaries of Eskipazar district in Karabük province, dating to the Late Hellenistic, Roman, and Early Byzantine periods. Named after the Roman Emperor Hadrian (r. 117–138 CE), this ancient city is situated in the interior of the Black Sea region and is notable for its religious significance during the Byzantine era, rich mosaics, and architectural remains. It is regarded as one of the most comprehensive archaeologic
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Sinem Bostan
EğEğirdir Castle is a historical structure located on a peninsula extending into Eğirdir Lake, within the Eğirdir district of Isparta Province in Türkiye’s Mediterranean Region. This defensive complex consists of an inner and outer citadel, constructed, repaired, and utilized by various political authorities across different periods. While the extant ruins are predominantly from the Byzantine era, the castle bears significant traces of transformations during the Seljuk, Hamidoğulları, and Ottoman
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Melike Saraç

Gemile Island is located south of the Fethiye district, which belongs to Muğla Province, approximately 9 kilometers from Fethiye. It lies within the Ölüdeniz Basin, directly opposite Soğuksu Bay. The island’s former name was Aya Nicola, and during the Middle Ages it was also known as the Island of Saint Nicholas. The island is one kilometer long and 400 meters wide. Its southern slope is steep, while its northern slope has a gentle incline. Gemile Island lies directly opposite the bay and beach
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Yahya B. Keskin

Karacahisar Castle is located on a hill southwest of the Porsuk River within the boundaries of the Odunpazarı district of Eskişehir Province, Türkiye. Due to its strategic position, it has served as an important defensive and settlement site throughout history. The castle is situated on a rocky terrain approximately 60 meters high, commanding views over the surrounding plains.HistoryThe castle was used for military purposes during the Byzantine period, although its name does not appear explicitl
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Zelal Çakar