
Bosnia and Herzegovina is located in a geographic area bordered by Serbia and Montenegro to the east and southeast, and by Croatia to the north and west. The country has a total area of approximately 51,129 km2, with the majority of its territory consisting of mountainous terrain, while fertile plains are primarily found in the northern regions. A 20-kilometer coastline lies along the Adriatic Sea. Bosnia and Herzegovina’s demographic structure is primarily composed of Bosniak, Serb and Croat co
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Emirhan Polat

Blue Butterflies are an ecological phenomenon that played a role in locating hidden mass graves following the Bosnian War of the 1990s and especially the Srebrenitsa Genocide of 1995, becoming a global symbol of that event. Historical and Systematic Background Yugoslavia's dissolution process saw the territory of Bosnia-Herzegovina subjected between 1992 and 1995 to aggressive attacks by Serbian forces, followed by Croatian forces. During this 43-month war, between 200,000 and 250,000 Bosniaks w
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Nursena Şahin

Sarajevo Human Safari Investigation is a judicial inquiry launched in Italy in 2025 following renewed allegations that during the Siege of Sarajevo in the 1990s, some wealthy foreigners paid to shoot at Bosnian civilians. Milano Public Prosecutor’s Office initiated the investigation under the charge of murder with savage cruelty and malicious intent. The allegations claim that during the Siege of Sarajevo from 1992 to 1996, certain Italian and other foreign nationals collaborated with Bosnian Se
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Edanur Karakoç

Sarajevo Tunnel of Hope is a strategic underground passage constructed during the 1425-day siege of Sarajevo, known as the longest siege in modern history, to connect the besieged capital with the outside world."Saraybosna'nın dünyaya açılan tek kapısı: Umut Tüneli," MECRA, erişim 28 Aralık 2025, https://www.gzt.com/mecra/saraybosnanin-dunyaya-acilan-tek-kapisi-umut-tuneli-3768759 ">【1】 Construction began in 1993 and linked the Dobrinja and Butmir areas under the control of the Army of Bosnia
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Nursena Şahin

The Bosnian War, which took place between 1992 and 1995, holds a place in history as one of the most severe humanitarian tragedies in Europe since World War II. One of the war’s most harrowing episodes occurred during the Siege of Sarajevo. For nearly four years, Sarajevo became the epicenter of a massive humanitarian catastrophe unfolding before the world’s eyes. The city was encircled by Serb forces positioned on the surrounding hills, and daily life became intertwined with artillery shelling,
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Nursena Şahin

We Will Not Be Slaves is a work that reflects the ideas and leadership philosophy of Alija Izetbegović, the first president of Bosnia and Herzegovina, comprising his speeches delivered between 1990 and 1995 on various occasions and platforms. The book conveys the devastating impact of the Bosnian War (1992–1995) through Izetbegović’s own words while addressing themes such as freedom, justice, morality, and human dignity. Translated into Turkish, this work has reached a wide readership, particula
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Meryem Beyza Utkulu

Višegrad Massacre is a systematic ethnic cleansing operation carried out by Serbian military and paramilitary forces against the Bosniak civilian population in and around the town of Višegrad in eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Bosnian War of 1992–1995. Among the most notorious examples of this operation were the mass killings on 14 June 1992 in Pionirska Street and on 27 June 1992 in Bikavac, where groups of over 70 civilians—including women, children, and the elderly—were locked insid
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Nursena Şahin