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Artificial intelligence has experienced tremendous momentum over the past decade, creating a new arena of global competition: the AGI race. Technology companies and nations are now competing not only to produce better models but also to develop systems with high cognitive capacity. This race is not limited to engineering innovations; it is deeply intertwined with economic investments, hardware infrastructure, data policies, and international strategies. Today, leading actors on the path to AGI —

Neuroscience, also known as neurobiology, is an interdisciplinary field that examines the structure, function, and organization of the nervous system at various levels. This field analyzes the functions of the brain and neural networks at molecular, cellular, systems, and cognitive levels. Its primary goal is to comprehensively understand the structures, communication methods, genetic characteristics, developmental processes, and pathological changes associated with diseases of nerve cells (neur

The Short and Long Pathways of Emotion – LeDoux’s Theory is a neuroscientific model proposed by American neuroscientist Joseph LeDoux in 1996 and 2002 to explain how the brain processes emotional responses. According to the theory, emotional stimuli are processed in the brain via two distinct pathways: a fast direct and unconscious short path (low road) and a slower more detailed and conscious evaluation-based long path (high road). This model is significant because it demonstrates how the brain

Creativity is the ability to go beyond what exists by generating new and original ideas or approaching a known situation from an unconventional perspective. This concept refers to a mode of thinking that enables the evaluation of alternative possibilities and the development of diverse viewpoints. Creativity is associated with processes such as imagination, innovation, originality, and lateral thinking. In this process, individuals establish connections between ideas by demonstrating fluency and