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Ham, on 31 January 1961, became the first chimpanzee sent into space as part of the United States' Mercury-Redstone 2 (MR-2) mission and served as a biological precursor to human spaceflight. Technically known as "No. 65," this primate was used as an active operator during flight, performing tasks in real time. His successful mission directly paved the way for the United States' first human spaceflight, Alan Shepard's mission.Save the Chimps, “Ham, the First Chimpanzee in Space,” Save the Chimps