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Arc welding (AW) is a fusion welding process in which the joining of metals is achieved by the heat of an electric arc established between an electrode and the workpiece. The same fundamental process is also used in arc cutting operations. An electric arc is the discharge of electric current flowing through a gap in a circuit. This discharge is sustained by the presence of a thermally ionized gas column, known as plasma. In arc welding, the arc is initiated by bringing the electrode into contact