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Mecmû’atü’t-Terâcim is a biography collection written by Şeyhülislâm Ârif Hikmet Bey (d. 1262/1846), featuring the lives of 1134 poets, scholars, writers, and Sufis who lived in various periods. The title of the work, Mecmû’atü’t-Terâcim, corresponds to the year 1234 AH / 1819 CE, marking the date of its composition according to the abjad system. (Kemikli 2003: 51) ">【1】 The author, in this Arabic-language work, continues the classical Islamic biographical tradition while documenting many fig

Early Life and Education Gassan Kanafani was born in 1936 in the city of Acre, Palestine. His father, a lawyer, belonged to a middle-class family. Raised with a strong education, Gassan completed his primary schooling at a school run by French missionaries. However, as an Arab, he could not accept the difficulties of French-language education and in later years focused intensely on the Arabic language and literature, developing his expertise in this field. 1948: A Nation’s Trauma and Exile The y