
Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a Gram-positive, oval-to-lancet-shaped diplococcus; it is a facultative anaerobe that forms α-hemolytic colonies and is pathogenic only in humans. More than 100 capsular serotypes have been identified on the surface, linked covalently to teichoic acids【1】 via phosphorylcholine【2】; the capsule is both the key to immune evasion and the target of current vaccines.Serotype Diversity and Capsule BiologyThe structural diversity of the glycocalyx【3】 distinguis
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Bekir Öztürk

One Health is an interdisciplinary health approach based on the principle that human, animal, and environmental health are interdependent and interconnected. This understanding recognizes that a significant proportion of risks to human health originate from animals and are directly linked to environmental factors, necessitating a multidisciplinary collaboration among health systems. The One Health approach enables a holistic evaluation of various global health issues such as zoonotic diseases, a
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Sümeyye Akkanat Terzioğlu