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The Einstein ring is a special case of the gravitational lensing effect. It occurs when light from a more distant light source, aligned with a massive celestial object (such as a galaxy or a black hole), is bent by the gravitational influence of this object, resulting in the light appearing as a perfect ring in the observer's field of view. This phenomenon is one of the predictions of the theory of relativity and was first theoretically expressed by Albert Einstein in 1936. Physical Basis Einste